This rare, inherited disorder is characterized by a total or partial lack of melanin in the skin, compared to the pigmentation of siblings and parents. Albinos (people with albinism) have white hair, pale skin, and pink eyes. Vision is often affected.

There is no cure for albinism. Albinos should avoid sunlight because they lack natural protection from sunlight - melanin.

Dark brown, symmetric patches of pigment on the face. During pregnancy this is called the "mask of pregnancy."

Sunscreens and avoiding sun exposure can prevent melasma from becoming worse. Other treatment may include prescription creams to lighten the patches.

Sometimes, following an ulcer, blister, burn, or infection, the skin does not replace some of the pigment in that area.

No treatment is necessary. Cosmetics can usually cover the blemish.

Smooth, white patches in the skin, vitiligo is caused by the loss of pigment-producing cells in the skin (melanocytes). The white patches are very sensitive to the sun.

There is no cure for vitiligo. Treatment may include covering smaller patches with long-lasting dyes, light-sensitive drugs, in addition to ultraviolet A light therapy, corticosteroid creams, and depigmentation of the remaining skin.